Mullein
Verbascum thapsus
Mullein, Verbascum thapsus
Mullein is a hardy biennial in the same family as the snapdragon. As a herb, mullein is grown in this country mainly for the attractive flowers and unusual leaves. It is also host to the flamboyant mullein moth caterpillar. However, mullein has been used for centuries by herbalists, for various remedies, such as cough and cold problems.
Mullein originates from the Mediterranean. The name Verbascum is a corruption of the Latin barbascum meaning beard or hairy and pertains to the downy covering of stems and leaves.
The dramatic cathedral spire-like yellow flowers of this plant are a wonderful addition to the herb garden. It can reach 5ft (1.5m) in height, and blooms from June to August. Verbascum self seeds, with rosettes of soft downy grey leaves appearing in the first year.
The soft down which covers the stems and leaves of Verbascum thapsus once made it useful as a taper for lighting. The whole stem was dipped in tallow and used as a candle. It was also known as 'hags taper' and 'the candlewick plant'.
Dioscorides recommended this herb for scorpion stings, eye complaints and toothache.
Advantages of this herb
The constituents of mullein are mucilage, saponin and volatile oil. The various uses of mullein are as an expectorant, demulcent (relieving inflammation), a mild diuretic, anti inflammatory and astringent. An extract today is used against mosquitoes.
The fresh and dried flowers can be diffused in hot water as a tea for head colds. A lotion can be used to bathe cuts and a poultice made from the leaves have been used against congestion in the chest. A decoction of dried or fresh flowers can be used as a gargle for sore throats and tonsillitis.
An infusion of the oil is used against haemorrhoids in many parts of Eastern Europe.
Growing
As V. thapsus grows so tall, it may be best placed at the back of a border and may need staking. Mullein seed can be sown in the autumn and spring. In the autumn, sow seeds where the plant is expected to flower and sow in a well drained site. Mullein will grow in any type of soil, but prefers a sunny spot out of direct wind. It flowers well in nutrient deficient soil.
Seeds sown in spring in pots can be set out in the chosen position in September. It is advisable to protect the young seedlings from slugs by using a cloche or fleece.
Harvesting
Collect the flowers on a dry day when fully open during July and August. Harvest the leaves just before flowering in the second year of growth.
How to use
Verbascum thapsus is grown primarily for its attractive flowers and stem, rather than any culinary benefits.
If it is to be used medicinally, seek a reliable herb book or contact a medicinal herbalist or herb society.
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